Intro

The term "Healing Gardens" refers to all those green spaces that, situated in specific contexts, significantly contribute to personal care. Increased attention to the healthcare sector has led to a reflection on outdoor spaces as an integral part of design aimed at promoting mental and physical well-being. Starting from the concept of Eden and passing through Ancient Greece and the world of botanical gardens, this research draws on the oldest roots of therapeutic gardens to reinterpret their key aspects in a contemporary light. Through the study of various completed projects, it defines the characteristics that these spaces must possess to be effective. The goal is to create a sort of framework that can be tailored to the specificities of the location, the types of therapies and patients involved, their ages, and their primary needs.

Spending time interacting with nature in a well-designed garden may not heal a severely burned leg. However, there is substantial evidence that it can reduce pain and stress levels and strengthen the immune system, helping the body to heal.

This quote from Clare Cooper Marcus clarifies the perspective for which these gardens are conceived. Health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; rather, it is a complex interplay of factors that determine both physical and mental well-being. The Healing Garden, therefore, aims to promote the overall well-being of the individual: to heal from an illness, it is important to feel good.

Healing Gardens are open spaces designed for therapeutic purposes as well as to improve the well-being and quality of life of the people who use them, even occasionally.

They possess specific characteristics that make them so:

• Abstraction from the urban environment;

• Stimulation of the five senses;

• Conscious use of colors, materials, and forms;

• Unobstructed flow of spaces;

It is also important to create opportunities for active participation in the care of these spaces, such as planting, watering, and harvesting fruits and vegetables. Actively spending time outdoors is undoubtedly the best way to absorb all the benefits that a garden can offer.

Depending on the type of stay, numerous and diverse factors must be considered. Among the fundamental ingredients for designing a good therapeutic garden, certain specific characteristics are examined in detail. For example, facilitating accessibility through simple pathways and frequent resting spots makes it usable for everyone. The opportunity to exercise is also crucial; thus, spaces that encourage various outdoor activities are necessary. The presence of rich and diverse vegetation allows enjoyment of the space throughout the year, alternating moments of rest in the shade of a tree with more immersive experiences among leaves and flowers. Additionally, broad visibility provides a sense of security, just as good shading gives even the most fragile individuals the chance to willingly step out of their rooms. The more a space lends itself to heterogeneous functions and shows good versatility, the greater the likelihood it will meet the needs of many patients. Some require a lot of privacy, and being able to immerse oneself in a natural setting within a hospital is immensely helpful. Security is another essential element, as is social interaction: creating spaces that engage patients in activities and moments of sharing is useful for promoting the awareness of experiencing a difficult time together.

Being in a garden rich in multisensory elements is an engaging and nourishing experience for all ages. Plants are the spiritual essence of a garden: they tell stories of emergence, growth, maturation, transformation, and renewal. Designers must tell these stories by choosing plants whose multisensory qualities resonate with the users of the space.

Thus, alongside the more architectural characteristics, there is an exploration of botanical aspects that become design tools aimed at addressing specific themes. The research aims to provide support for designing spaces where care is the primary focus. The idea is to create a tailored thought and, therefore, a space for every situation that centers around the individual with their vulnerabilities and fragilities. The species described and narrated for their peculiarities refer to a world of natural, spontaneous plants rich in history and biodiversity, rustic and capable of adapting to various situations. Notable for providing shade and relief is Rosa banksiae, with its intense clean fragrance; seasonality, which is important for maintaining constant contact with the surrounding world, is perceived through the selection of plants that change throughout the year: interesting autumn colors, spring bulbs, and autumn fruits form the basis of the choices described. Some plants, like certain roses, can evoke intimate memories, serving as true madeleines that bring back positive experiences; settembrini, zinnias, and tomatoes recall ancient gestures, offering those who pick them the chance to interact with nature: potting them or experiencing the sensation of a harvest. Color also exerts a positive effect on the psyche; hence, plants with strong foliage or blooms, such as Gingko biloba, are mentioned.

Research by: Matteo Arietti, Marianna Merisi, Francesca Pelizzaro